2005/11 + 2016/23: Wall Flat (South Australia) – Trihalomethanes, Bromodichloromethane, Chloroform

Wall Flat (South Australia) – Trihalomethanes

Breaches to Australian Drinking Water Guidelines Levels Only

3/11/2005 Wall Flat Wundenberg Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 259 ug/L

25/01/2006 Wall Flat Wundenberg Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 288 ug/L

18/05/2006 Wall Flat Wundenberg Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 266 ug/L

4/08/2006 Wall Flat Wundenberg Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 302 ug/L

29/03/2007 Wall Flat Wundenberg Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 261 ug/L

10/05/2007 Wall Flat Wundenberg Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 263 ug/L

30/08/2007 Wall Flat Wundenberg Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 257 ug/L

13/09/2007 Wall Flat Wundenberg Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 266 ug/L

13/03/2009 Wall Flat Wundenberg Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 290 ug/L

13/01/2011 Wall Flat Starr Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 325 ug/L

10/02/2011 Wall Flat CT Starr Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 384 ug/L

8/03/2011 Wall Flat CT Starr Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 267 ug/L

28/12/2016 Wall Flat CT Starr Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 254 ug/L

23/1/2017 Wall Flat CT Starr Rd Trihalomethanes – Total 266 ug/L

Trihalomethanes Australian Guideline Level 250μg/L (0.25mg/L)

Why and how are THMs formed?
“When chlorine is added to water with organic material, such as algae, river weeds, and decaying leaves, THMs are formed. Residual chlorine molecules react with this harmless organic material to form a group of chlorinated chemical compounds, THMs. They are tasteless and odourless, but harmful and potentially toxic. The quantity of by-products formed is determined by several factors, such as the amount and type of organic material present in water, temperature, pH, chlorine dosage, contact time available for chlorine, and bromide concentration in the water. The organic matter in water mainly consists of a) humic substance, which is the organic portion of soil that remains after prolonged microbial decomposition formed by the decay of leaves, wood, and other vegetable matter; and b) fulvic acid, which is a water soluble substance of low molecular weight that is derived from humus”. Source: https://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/in

Wall Flat (South Australia) – Bromodichloromethane

2022/23: Wall Flat (South Australia) Bromodichloromethane 93ug/L (max), 56.47ug/L (av. 2022/23)

WHO Guideline level BDCM: 60ug/L (Australian Guideline for BDCM is included in the Trihalomethane (THM) combined total of BDCM, Chloroform, Dibromochloromethane and Bromoform. THM guideline is 250ug/L)

“Carcinogenicity : Bromodichloromethane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Cancer Studies in Experimental Animals: Oral exposure to bromodichloromethane caused tumors at several different tissue sites in mice and rats. Administration of bromodichloromethane by stomach tube caused benign and malignant kidney tumors (tubular-cell adenoma and adenocarcinoma) in male mice and in rats of both sexes, benign and
malignant liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma) in female mice, and benign and malignant colon tumors (adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinoma) in rats of both sexes (NTP 1987, ATSDR 1989, IARC 1991, 1999).

Wall Flat (South Australia) – Chloroform

2022/23: Wall Flat (South Australia) Chloroform 266ug/L (max), 136.88ug/L (av.)

Chloroform (also called trichloromethane) is a chemical used to make other chemicals and a byproduct of chlorinating water. Chloroform has been detected in Minnesota groundwater, surface water, and drinking water. Some of the detections have been above the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) Health Risk Limit (HRL) of 20 micrograms per liter (or parts per billion [ppb]). Ingesting, through drinking water, high levels of chloroform for a long time can damage your liver and kidney.

Chloroform is the most commonly occurring trihalomethane (THM). The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines have a guideline for THM’s of 250ug/L. THM’s are a combination of Chloroform, Bromodichloromethane, Dibromomochloromentane and Bromform.