2007/23 – Hedland (Western Australia) – Hardness, Total Dissolved Solids

Hedland – Western Australia – Hardness

2007/08: Hedland (Western Australia) – Hardness 239mg/L (Highest Detection Only)

2010/11 Hedland (Western Australia) Hardness 270mg/L (max), 248mg/L (mean)

2011/12 Hedland (Western Australia) Hardness 230mg/L (max), 218mg/L (mean)

2013/14 Hedland (Western Australia) Hardness 250mg/L (max), 225mg/L (mean)

2014/15 Hedland (Western Australia) Hardness 210mg/L (max), 200mg/L (mean)

2015/16 Hedland (Western Australia) Hardness 220mg/L (max), 213mg/L (mean)

2016/17 Hedland (Western Australia) Hardness 250mg/L (max), 243mg/L (mean)

2017/18 Hedland (Western Australia) Hardness 210mg/L (max), 205mg/L (mean)

2018/19: Hedland (Western Australia) Hardness 220mg/L (max), 210mg/L (mean)

2019/20: Hedland (Western Australia) Hardness 200mg/L (max), 190mg/L (mean)

GUIDELINE

“To minimise undesirable build‑up of scale in hot water systems, total hardness (as calcium
carbonate) in drinking water should not exceed 200 mg/L.

Hard water requires more soap than soft water to obtain a lather. It can also cause scale to form on hot water pipes and fittings. Hardness is caused primarily by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, although other cations such as strontium, iron, manganese and barium can also contribute.”

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

Hedland – Western Australia – Total Dissolved Solids

2007/08: Hedland (Western Australia) – Total Dissolved Solids 686 mg/L (Maximum Level)

2008/09: Hedland (Western Australia) – Total Dissolved Solids 680 mg/L (max), 664 mg/L (mean)

2009/10: Hedland (Western Australia) – Total Dissolved Solids 620 mg/L (max)

2010/11 Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 767mg/L (max), 728mg/L (mean)

2011/12 Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 638mg/L (max), 619mg/L (mean)

2013/14 Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 711mg/L (max), 638mg/L (mean)

2014/15 Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 732mg/L (max), 641mg/L (mean)

2015/16 Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 639mg/L (max), 622mg/L (mean)

2016/17 Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 701mg/L (max), 678mg/L (mean)

2017/18 Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 648mg/L (max), 624mg/L (mean)

2018/19: Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 628mg/L (max), 598mg/L (mean)

2019/20: Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 641mg/L (max), 599mg/L (mean)

2022/23: Hedland (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 619mg/L (max), 590mg/L (mean)

GUIDELINE

“No specific health guideline value is provided for total dissolved solids (TDS), as there are no
health effects directly attributable to TDS. However for good palatability total dissolved solids
in drinking water should not exceed 600 mg/L.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) consist of inorganic salts and small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. Clay particles, colloidal iron and manganese oxides and silica, fine enough to pass through a 0.45 micron filter membrane can also contribute to total dissolved solids.

Total dissolved solids comprise: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, carbonate, silica, organic matter, fluoride, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite and phosphates…” Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011