Marble Bar – Western Australia – Hardness

2007/08: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Hardness 406mg/L (Highest Detection Only)

2008/09: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Hardness 427mg/L (max), 372mg/L (mean)

2009/10: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Hardness 440mg/L (max)

2010/11 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 430mg/L (max), 403mg/L (mean)

2011/12 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 370mg/L (max), 330mg/L (mean)

2013/14 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 350mg/L (max), 318mg/L (mean)

2014/15 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 330mg/L (max), 325mg/L (mean)

2015/16 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 320mg/L (max), 310mg/L (mean)

2016/17 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 300mg/L (max), 295mg/L (mean)

2017/18 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 370mg/L (max), 355mg/L (mean)

2018/19: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 370mg/L (max), 360mg/L (mean)

2019/20: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 300mg/L (max), 285mg/L (mean)

2022/23: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 280mg/L (max), 270mg/L (mean)

GUIDELINE

“To minimise undesirable build‑up of scale in hot water systems, total hardness (as calcium
carbonate) in drinking water should not exceed 200 mg/L.

Hard water requires more soap than soft water to obtain a lather. It can also cause scale to form on hot water pipes and fittings. Hardness is caused primarily by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, although other cations such as strontium, iron, manganese and barium can also contribute.”

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

Marble Bar – Western Australia – Total Dissolved Solids

2007/08: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Total Dissolved Solids 1300 mg/L (Maximum Level)

2008/09: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Total Dissolved Solids 1280 mg/L (max), 1190mg/L (mean)

2009/10: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Total Dissolved Solids 1300 mg/L (max), 1190mg/L (mean)

2010/11 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 758mg/L (max), 718mg/L (mean)

2011/12 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1107mg/L (max), 1088mg/L (mean)

2013/14 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1214mg/L (max), 1125mg/L (mean)

2014/15 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1180mg/L (max), 1141mg/L (mean)

2015/16 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1136mg/L (max), 1101mg/L (mean)

2016/17 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1121mg/L (max), 1109mg/L (mean)

2017/18 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1201mg/L (max), 1147mg/L (mean)

2018/19: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1171mg/L (max), 1160mg/L (mean)

2019/20: Marble Bar (Western Australia)Total Dissolved Solids 1030mg/L (max), 1001mg/L (mean)

2022/23: Marble Bar (Western Australia)Total Dissolved Solids 967mg/L (max), 936mg/L (mean)

GUIDELINE

“No specific health guideline value is provided for total dissolved solids (TDS), as there are no
health effects directly attributable to TDS. However for good palatability total dissolved solids
in drinking water should not exceed 600 mg/L.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) consist of inorganic salts and small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. Clay particles, colloidal iron and manganese oxides and silica, fine enough to pass through a 0.45 micron filter membrane can also contribute to total dissolved solids.

Total dissolved solids comprise: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, carbonate, silica, organic matter, fluoride, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite and phosphates…” Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Chloride

2013/14 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Chloride 255mg/L (max), 231mg/L (av)

2014/15 Marble Bar (Western Australia)  Chloride 250mg/L (max), 233mg/L (av)

“Chloride is present in natural waters from the dissolution of salt deposits, and contamination from effluent disposal. Sodium chloride is widely used in the production of industrial chemicals such as caustic soda, chlorine, and sodium chlorite and hypochlorite. Potassium chloride is used in the production of fertilisers.

The taste threshold of chloride in water is dependent on the associated cation but is in the range 200–300 mg/L. The chloride content of water can affect corrosion of pipes and fittings. It can also affect the solubility of metal ions.

In surface water, the concentration of chloride is usually less than 100 mg/L and frequently below 10 mg/L. Groundwater can have higher concentrations, particularly if there is salt water intrusion.

Based on aesthetic considerations, the chloride concentration in drinking water should not exceed 250 mg/L.

No health-based guideline value is proposed for chloride.” 2011 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines

Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Sodium

2013/14 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 220mg/L (max), 199mg/L (mean)

2014/15 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 210mg/L (max), 205mg/L (mean)

2015/16 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 200mg/L (max), 200mg/L (mean)

2016/17 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 210mg/L (max), 205mg/L (mean)

2017/18 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 215mg/L (max), 207.5mg/L (mean)

2018/19: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 190mg/L (max), 190mg/L (mean)

2019/20: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 185mg/L (max), 177.5mg/L (mean)

“Based on aesthetic considerations (taste), the concentration of sodium in drinking water
should not exceed 180 mg/L….The sodium ion is widespread in water due to the high solubility of sodium salts and the abundance of mineral deposits. Near coastal areas, windborne sea spray can make an important contribution either by fallout onto land surfaces where it can drain to drinking water sources, or from washout by rain. Apart from saline intrusion and natural contamination, water treatment chemicals, domestic water softeners and
sewage effluent can contribute to the sodium content of drinking water.” ADWG 2011

2007/23 – Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Hardness, Total Dissolved Solids, Chloride, Sodium

Marble Bar – Western Australia – Hardness

2007/08: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Hardness 406mg/L (Highest Detection Only)

2008/09: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Hardness 427mg/L (max), 372mg/L (mean)

2009/10: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Hardness 440mg/L (max)

2010/11 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 430mg/L (max), 403mg/L (mean)

2011/12 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 370mg/L (max), 330mg/L (mean)

2013/14 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 350mg/L (max), 318mg/L (mean)

2014/15 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 330mg/L (max), 325mg/L (mean)

2015/16 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 320mg/L (max), 310mg/L (mean)

2016/17 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 300mg/L (max), 295mg/L (mean)

2017/18 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 370mg/L (max), 355mg/L (mean)

2018/19: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 370mg/L (max), 360mg/L (mean)

2019/20: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 300mg/L (max), 285mg/L (mean)

2022/23: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Hardness 280mg/L (max), 270mg/L (mean)

GUIDELINE

“To minimise undesirable build‑up of scale in hot water systems, total hardness (as calcium
carbonate) in drinking water should not exceed 200 mg/L.

Hard water requires more soap than soft water to obtain a lather. It can also cause scale to form on hot water pipes and fittings. Hardness is caused primarily by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, although other cations such as strontium, iron, manganese and barium can also contribute.”

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

Marble Bar – Western Australia – Total Dissolved Solids

2007/08: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Total Dissolved Solids 1300 mg/L (Maximum Level)

2008/09: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Total Dissolved Solids 1280 mg/L (max), 1190mg/L (mean)

2009/10: Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Total Dissolved Solids 1300 mg/L (max), 1190mg/L (mean)

2010/11 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 758mg/L (max), 718mg/L (mean)

2011/12 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1107mg/L (max), 1088mg/L (mean)

2013/14 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1214mg/L (max), 1125mg/L (mean)

2014/15 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1180mg/L (max), 1141mg/L (mean)

2015/16 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1136mg/L (max), 1101mg/L (mean)

2016/17 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1121mg/L (max), 1109mg/L (mean)

2017/18 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1201mg/L (max), 1147mg/L (mean)

2018/19: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Total Dissolved Solids 1171mg/L (max), 1160mg/L (mean)

2019/20: Marble Bar (Western Australia)Total Dissolved Solids 1030mg/L (max), 1001mg/L (mean)

2022/23: Marble Bar (Western Australia)Total Dissolved Solids 967mg/L (max), 936mg/L (mean)

GUIDELINE

“No specific health guideline value is provided for total dissolved solids (TDS), as there are no
health effects directly attributable to TDS. However for good palatability total dissolved solids
in drinking water should not exceed 600 mg/L.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) consist of inorganic salts and small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. Clay particles, colloidal iron and manganese oxides and silica, fine enough to pass through a 0.45 micron filter membrane can also contribute to total dissolved solids.

Total dissolved solids comprise: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, carbonate, silica, organic matter, fluoride, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite and phosphates…” Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Chloride

2013/14 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Chloride 255mg/L (max), 231mg/L (av)

2014/15 Marble Bar (Western Australia)  Chloride 250mg/L (max), 233mg/L (av)

“Chloride is present in natural waters from the dissolution of salt deposits, and contamination from effluent disposal. Sodium chloride is widely used in the production of industrial chemicals such as caustic soda, chlorine, and sodium chlorite and hypochlorite. Potassium chloride is used in the production of fertilisers.

The taste threshold of chloride in water is dependent on the associated cation but is in the range 200–300 mg/L. The chloride content of water can affect corrosion of pipes and fittings. It can also affect the solubility of metal ions.

In surface water, the concentration of chloride is usually less than 100 mg/L and frequently below 10 mg/L. Groundwater can have higher concentrations, particularly if there is salt water intrusion.

Based on aesthetic considerations, the chloride concentration in drinking water should not exceed 250 mg/L.

No health-based guideline value is proposed for chloride.” 2011 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines

Marble Bar (Western Australia) – Sodium

2013/14 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 220mg/L (max), 199mg/L (mean)

2014/15 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 210mg/L (max), 205mg/L (mean)

2015/16 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 200mg/L (max), 200mg/L (mean)

2016/17 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 210mg/L (max), 205mg/L (mean)

2017/18 Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 215mg/L (max), 207.5mg/L (mean)

2018/19: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 190mg/L (max), 190mg/L (mean)

2019/20: Marble Bar (Western Australia) Sodium 185mg/L (max), 177.5mg/L (mean)

“Based on aesthetic considerations (taste), the concentration of sodium in drinking water
should not exceed 180 mg/L….The sodium ion is widespread in water due to the high solubility of sodium salts and the abundance of mineral deposits. Near coastal areas, windborne sea spray can make an important contribution either by fallout onto land surfaces where it can drain to drinking water sources, or from washout by rain. Apart from saline intrusion and natural contamination, water treatment chemicals, domestic water softeners and
sewage effluent can contribute to the sodium content of drinking water.” ADWG 2011