2013-14 + 2024 – Ouse (Tasmania) – Trichloroacetic Acid, Dichloroacetic Acid, Chloroketones, Haloacetonitriles

Ouse (Tasmania) – Chloroacetic Acids: Trichloroacetic Acid: 153μg/L (DHHS Average 2013/14) Dichloroacetic Acid: 120μg/L (DHHS Average 2013/14) 12/5/14: Ouse (Tasmania) Trichloroacetic Acid 130μg/L 4/11/13: Ouse (Tasmania) Trichloroacetic Acid 150μg/L 28/10/13: Ouse (Tasmania) Trichloroacetic Acid 160μg/L 30/9/13: Ouse (Tasmania) Trichloroacetic Acid 150μg/L 12/8/13: Ouse (Tasmania) Trichloroacetic Acid 190μg/L 29/7/13: Ouse (Tasmania) Trichloroacetic Acid 140μg/L 12/8/13: Ouse (Tasmania) Dichloroacetic Acid 120μg/L Australian Guideline Levels: Dichloroacetic Acid 100μg/L, Trichloroacetic Acid 100μg/L “Chloroacetic acids are produced in drinking water as by-products of the reaction between chlorine and naturally occurring humic and fulvic acids. Concentrations reported overseas range up to 0.16mg/L and are typically about half the chloroform concentration. The chloroacetic acids are used commercially as reagents or intermediates in the preparation of a wide variety of chemicals. Monochloroacetic acid can be used as a pre-emergent herbicide, dichloroacetic acid as an ingredient in some pharmaceutical products, and trichloroacetic acid as a herbicide, soil sterilant and antiseptic.” Australian Drinking Water Guidelines – National Health and Medical Research Council… There are no epidemiological studies of TCA carcinogenicity in humans. Most of the human health data for chlorinated acetic acids concern components of complex mixtures of water disinfectant by-products. These complex mixtures of disinfectant by-products have been associated with increased potential for bladder, rectal, and colon cancer in humans [reviewed by Boorman et al. (1999); Mills et al. (1998)].” Ref: tmp/Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) CASRN 76-03-9 IRIS US EPA.htm Ouse (Tasmania) – Chloroketones 22/7/24: Ouse (Tasmania): 1,1,1-trichloropropanone 3ug/L Data are inadequate to set guideline values for chloroketones in drinking water. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The chloroketones are produced in drinking water as by-products of the reaction between naturally occurring organic matter and chlorine. No data are available on other sources or uses for these compounds. Concentrations of chloroketones in drinking water reported overseas are very low and are estimated at less than 0.01 mg/L. TYPICAL VALUES IN AUSTRALIAN DRINKING WATER In major Australian reticulated supplies 1,1,1-trichloropropanone has been recorded in concentrations up to 0.02 mg/L, but it is usually below the limit of determination of 0.0005 mg/L. No data are available for other chloroketones. LIMITING FORMATION IN DRINKING WATER The presence of chloroketones in drinking water can be minimised by removing naturally occurring organic matter from the source water, by reducing the amount of chlorine added, or by the use of alternative disinfectants.” 2011 ADWG Ouse (Tasmania) – Haloacetonitriles  22/7/24: Ouse (Tasmania)  Dichloroacetonitrile 1.5ug/L “GUIDELINE Data are inadequate to set guideline values for haloacetonitriles in drinking water GENERAL DESCRIPTION Haloacetonitriles are formed from organic precursors during chlorination or chloramination of drinking  water. Concentrations of dihaloacetonitriles reported overseas range up to 0.04 mg/L but are typically  less than 0.003 mg/L. Concentrations of trichloroacetonitrile are less than 0.001 mg/L. Trichloroacetonitrile has been used as an insecticide. No data are available on uses for the other haloacetonitriles. TYPICAL VALUES IN AUSTRALIAN DRINKING WATER No data are available on concentrations of haloacetonitriles in Australian drinking waters”. ADWG 2011