Australian Drinking Water Map

Katunga (Victoria) – Lead

2024/25: Katunga Lead 0.008mg/L

Lead Guideline reduced from 0.01mg/L to 0.005mg/L in June 2025. “The concentration of lead in water within premises may be higher, especially in older buildings, due to contact of the water with lead-containing plumbing products (enHealth 2021). A review found several Australian and international studies that detected up to 0.162 mg/L of lead in drinking water due to leaching from lead-containing plumbing materials including taps and lead service lines, suggesting that leaching of lead from lead-containing plumbing materials can be substantial (SLR 2023)… Based on health considerations, the concentration of lead in drinking water should not exceed 0.005 mg/L.”

Katunga (Victoria) – Selenium

2012/13: Katunga Selenium 0.004mg/L (max)

Based on health considerations, the concentration of selenium in drinking water should not exceed 0.004 mg/L (2011-2025 guideline 0.01mg/L). “General description Selenium (Se) and selenium salts are widespread in the environment. Selenium is released from natural and human-made sources (such as the burning of coal). Selenium is also a by-product of the processing of sulfide ores, chiefly in the copper refining industry. The major use of selenium is in the manufacture of electronic components. It is used in several other industries, and selenium compounds are used in some insecticides, in hair shampoos as an antidandruff agent, and as a nutritional feed additive for poultry and livestock. Selenium copper alloys have also been identified as a potential replacement for lead copper alloys in plumbing products. Further information on lead replacements in plumbing products (such as selenium copper alloys) is available in Information Sheet 4.1 – Metal and metalloid chemicals leaching from plumbing products. Selenium concentrations in drinking water source waters are generally very low and depend on local geochemistry, climatic conditions (e.g. drought), pH and the presence of iron salts. Selenium in water is mainly present as inorganic compounds, predominantly selenate. Weathering of rocks and soil may result in low levels of selenium in water, which may be taken up by plants (SLR 2022). Food is the major source of intake for Australians. Cereal and grain products contribute most to intake, while fish and liver contain the highest selenium concentrations.” ADWG 2025

2017/18 – Katunga (Victoria) – Turbidity

2017/18 – Katunga (Victoria) – Turbidity 8.6NTU (max)

Chlorine-resistant pathogen reduction: Where filtration alone is used as the water treatment
process to address identified risks from Cryptosporidium and Giardia, it is essential
that filtration is optimised and consequently the target for the turbidity of water leaving
individual filters should be less than 0.2 NTU, and should not exceed 0.5 NTU at any time
Disinfection: A turbidity of less than 1 NTU is desirable at the time of disinfection with
chlorine unless a higher value can be validated in a specific context.

Aesthetic: Based on aesthetic considerations, the turbidity should not exceed 5 NTU at the
consumer’s tap

Katunga (Victoria)  Total Dissolved Solids

2013/14: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1100mg/L (μS/cm)

2014/15: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm)

2015/16: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm)

2016/17: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm)

2017/18: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1400mg/L (μS/cm)

2018/19: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1400mg/L (μS/cm) (max)

2019/20: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1600mg/L (μS/cm) (max)

2020/21: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1500mg/L (μS/cm) (max). 38 non-complying samples

2022/23: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1400mg/L (μS/cm) (max). 38 non-complying samples. (From the 1st April 2017, EC monitoring at Katunga and Pyalong was increased to weekly due to historical high levels in EC. In addition, weekly monitoring at Upper Delatite occurs because of risk of salt from artificial snow melt)

2023/24: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm) (max), 100mg/L (μS/cm) (min).

GUIDELINE

“No specific health guideline value is provided for total dissolved solids (TDS), as there are no
health effects directly attributable to TDS. However for good palatability total dissolved solids
in drinking water should not exceed 600 mg/L.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) consist of inorganic salts and small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. Clay particles, colloidal iron and manganese oxides and silica, fine enough to pass through a 0.45 micron filter membrane can also contribute to total dissolved solids.

Katunga (Victoria) Hardness

2014/15: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 230mg/L (max)

2016/17: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 200mg/L (max)

2017/18: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 240mg/L (max)

2018/19: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 240mg/L (max)

2019/20: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 280mg/L (max)

2020/21: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 200mg/L (max)

2023/24: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 200mg/L (max), 130mg/L (min)

GUIDELINE

“To minimise undesirable build‑up of scale in hot water systems, total hardness (as calcium
carbonate) in drinking water should not exceed 200 mg/L.

Hard water requires more soap than soft water to obtain a lather. It can also cause scale to form on hot water pipes and fittings. Hardness is caused primarily by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, although other cations such as strontium, iron, manganese and barium can also contribute.”

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

2017/18 – Katunga (Victoria) – Turbidity

2017/18 – Katunga (Victoria) – Turbidity 8.6NTU (max)

Chlorine-resistant pathogen reduction: Where filtration alone is used as the water treatment
process to address identified risks from Cryptosporidium and Giardia, it is essential
that filtration is optimised and consequently the target for the turbidity of water leaving
individual filters should be less than 0.2 NTU, and should not exceed 0.5 NTU at any time
Disinfection: A turbidity of less than 1 NTU is desirable at the time of disinfection with
chlorine unless a higher value can be validated in a specific context.

Aesthetic: Based on aesthetic considerations, the turbidity should not exceed 5 NTU at the
consumer’s tap

Katunga (Victoria)  Total Dissolved Solids

2013/14: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1100mg/L (μS/cm)

2014/15: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm)

2015/16: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm)

2016/17: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm)

2017/18: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1400mg/L (μS/cm)

2018/19: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1400mg/L (μS/cm) (max)

2019/20: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1600mg/L (μS/cm) (max)

2020/21: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1500mg/L (μS/cm) (max). 38 non-complying samples

2022/23: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1400mg/L (μS/cm) (max). 38 non-complying samples. (From the 1st April 2017, EC monitoring at Katunga and Pyalong was increased to weekly due to historical high levels in EC. In addition, weekly monitoring at Upper Delatite occurs because of risk of salt from artificial snow melt)

2023/24: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm) (max), 100mg/L (μS/cm) (min).

GUIDELINE

“No specific health guideline value is provided for total dissolved solids (TDS), as there are no
health effects directly attributable to TDS. However for good palatability total dissolved solids
in drinking water should not exceed 600 mg/L.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) consist of inorganic salts and small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. Clay particles, colloidal iron and manganese oxides and silica, fine enough to pass through a 0.45 micron filter membrane can also contribute to total dissolved solids.

Katunga (Victoria) Hardness

2014/15: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 230mg/L (max)

2016/17: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 200mg/L (max)

2017/18: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 240mg/L (max)

2018/19: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 240mg/L (max)

2019/20: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 280mg/L (max)

2020/21: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 200mg/L (max)

2023/24: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 200mg/L (max), 130mg/L (min)

GUIDELINE

“To minimise undesirable build‑up of scale in hot water systems, total hardness (as calcium
carbonate) in drinking water should not exceed 200 mg/L.

Hard water requires more soap than soft water to obtain a lather. It can also cause scale to form on hot water pipes and fittings. Hardness is caused primarily by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, although other cations such as strontium, iron, manganese and barium can also contribute.”

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

2012/25: Katunga (Victoria) – Lead, Selenium, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Hardness

in , ,
Katunga (Victoria) – Lead 2024/25: Katunga Lead 0.008mg/L Lead Guideline reduced from 0.01mg/L to 0.005mg/L in June 2025. “The concentration of lead in water within premises may be higher, especially in older buildings, due to contact of the water with lead-containing plumbing products (enHealth 2021). A review found several Australian and international studies that detected up to 0.162 mg/L of lead in drinking water due to leaching from lead-containing plumbing materials including taps and lead service lines, suggesting that leaching of lead from lead-containing plumbing materials can be substantial (SLR 2023)… Based on health considerations, the concentration of lead in drinking water should not exceed 0.005 mg/L.” Katunga (Victoria) – Selenium 2012/13: Katunga Selenium 0.004mg/L (max) Based on health considerations, the concentration of selenium in drinking water should not exceed 0.004 mg/L (2011-2025 guideline 0.01mg/L). “General description Selenium (Se) and selenium salts are widespread in the environment. Selenium is released from natural and human-made sources (such as the burning of coal). Selenium is also a by-product of the processing of sulfide ores, chiefly in the copper refining industry. The major use of selenium is in the manufacture of electronic components. It is used in several other industries, and selenium compounds are used in some insecticides, in hair shampoos as an antidandruff agent, and as a nutritional feed additive for poultry and livestock. Selenium copper alloys have also been identified as a potential replacement for lead copper alloys in plumbing products. Further information on lead replacements in plumbing products (such as selenium copper alloys) is available in Information Sheet 4.1 – Metal and metalloid chemicals leaching from plumbing products. Selenium concentrations in drinking water source waters are generally very low and depend on local geochemistry, climatic conditions (e.g. drought), pH and the presence of iron salts. Selenium in water is mainly present as inorganic compounds, predominantly selenate. Weathering of rocks and soil may result in low levels of selenium in water, which may be taken up by plants (SLR 2022). Food is the major source of intake for Australians. Cereal and grain products contribute most to intake, while fish and liver contain the highest selenium concentrations.” ADWG 2025 2017/18 – Katunga (Victoria) – Turbidity 2017/18 – Katunga (Victoria) – Turbidity 8.6NTU (max) Chlorine-resistant pathogen reduction: Where filtration alone is used as the water treatment process to address identified risks from Cryptosporidium and Giardia, it is essential that filtration is optimised and consequently the target for the turbidity of water leaving individual filters should be less than 0.2 NTU, and should not exceed 0.5 NTU at any time Disinfection: A turbidity of less than 1 NTU is desirable at the time of disinfection with chlorine unless a higher value can be validated in a specific context. Aesthetic: Based on aesthetic considerations, the turbidity should not exceed 5 NTU at the consumer’s tap Katunga (Victoria)  Total Dissolved Solids 2013/14: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1100mg/L (μS/cm) 2014/15: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm) 2015/16: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm) 2016/17: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm) 2017/18: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1400mg/L (μS/cm) 2018/19: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1400mg/L (μS/cm) (max) 2019/20: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1600mg/L (μS/cm) (max) 2020/21: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1500mg/L (μS/cm) (max). 38 non-complying samples 2022/23: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1400mg/L (μS/cm) (max). 38 non-complying samples. (From the 1st April 2017, EC monitoring at Katunga and Pyalong was increased to weekly due to historical high levels in EC. In addition, weekly monitoring at Upper Delatite occurs because of risk of salt from artificial snow melt) 2023/24: Katunga (Victoria) – Total Dissolved Solids/Electrical conductivity 1200mg/L (μS/cm) (max), 100mg/L (μS/cm) (min). GUIDELINE “No specific health guideline value is provided for total dissolved solids (TDS), as there are no health effects directly attributable to TDS. However for good palatability total dissolved solids in drinking water should not exceed 600 mg/L. Total dissolved solids (TDS) consist of inorganic salts and small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. Clay particles, colloidal iron and manganese oxides and silica, fine enough to pass through a 0.45 micron filter membrane can also contribute to total dissolved solids. Katunga (Victoria) Hardness 2014/15: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 230mg/L (max) 2016/17: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 200mg/L (max) 2017/18: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 240mg/L (max) 2018/19: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 240mg/L (max) 2019/20: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 280mg/L (max) 2020/21: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 200mg/L (max) 2023/24: Katunga (Victoria) – Hardness 200mg/L (max), 130mg/L (min) GUIDELINE “To minimise undesirable build‑up of scale in hot water systems, total hardness (as calcium carbonate) in drinking water should not exceed 200 mg/L. Hard water requires more soap than soft water to obtain a lather. It can also cause scale to form on hot water pipes and fittings. Hardness is caused primarily by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, although other cations such as strontium, iron, manganese and barium can also contribute.” Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011