Orford (Tasmania) – Chloride

August 26 2015 Orford (Tasmania)  Total Chlorides as NaCl 253mg/L

“Chloride is present in natural waters from the dissolution of salt deposits, and contamination from effluent disposal. Sodium chloride is widely used in the production of industrial chemicals such as caustic soda, chlorine, and sodium chlorite and hypochlorite. Potassium chloride is used in the production of fertilisers.

The taste threshold of chloride in water is dependent on the associated cation but is in the range 200–300 mg/L. The chloride content of water can affect corrosion of pipes and fittings. It can also affect the solubility of metal ions.

In surface water, the concentration of chloride is usually less than 100 mg/L and frequently below 10 mg/L. Groundwater can have higher concentrations, particularly if there is salt water intrusion.

Based on aesthetic considerations, the chloride concentration in drinking water should not exceed 250 mg/L.

No health-based guideline value is proposed for chloride.” 2011 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines

Orford  (Tasmania) – Chloroketones 

29/7/24: Orford (Tasmania): 1,1,1-trichloropropanone 5.8ug/L

Data are inadequate to set guideline values for chloroketones in drinking water. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The chloroketones are produced in drinking water as by-products of the reaction between naturally occurring organic matter and chlorine. No data are available on other sources or uses for these compounds. Concentrations of chloroketones in drinking water reported overseas are very low and are estimated at less than 0.01 mg/L.

TYPICAL VALUES IN AUSTRALIAN DRINKING WATER In major Australian reticulated supplies 1,1,1-trichloropropanone has been recorded in concentrations up to 0.02 mg/L, but it is usually below the limit of determination of 0.0005 mg/L. No data are available for other chloroketones.

LIMITING FORMATION IN DRINKING WATER The presence of chloroketones in drinking water can be minimised by removing naturally occurring organic matter from the source water, by reducing the amount of chlorine added, or by the use of alternative disinfectants.” 2011 ADWG

Orford (Tasmania) – Haloacetonitriles 

29/7/24: Orford (Tasmania)  Bromochloroacetonitrile 2.6ug/L, Dibromoacetonitrile 1.4ug/L, Dichloroacetonitrile 4.1ug/L

“GUIDELINE
Data are inadequate to set guideline values for haloacetonitriles in drinking water
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Haloacetonitriles are formed from organic precursors during chlorination or chloramination of drinking  water. Concentrations of dihaloacetonitriles reported overseas range up to 0.04 mg/L but are typically  less than 0.003 mg/L. Concentrations of trichloroacetonitrile are less than 0.001 mg/L.
Trichloroacetonitrile has been used as an insecticide. No data are available on uses for the other haloacetonitriles.
TYPICAL VALUES IN AUSTRALIAN DRINKING WATER
No data are available on concentrations of haloacetonitriles in Australian drinking waters”. ADWG 2011

29/7/24 Orford (Tasmania) Chloropicrin

29/7/24: Orford (Tasmania) Chloropicrin 1.3ug/L (max)

No Guideline level for Chloropicrin

Chloropicrin is formed in water by the reaction of chlorine with humic acids, amino acids, and nitrophenols. The presence of nitrates increases the amount formed (6). Chloropicrin has been detected in drinking-water; however, in the presence of reducing agents, it is converted
into chloroform

2015+2024 – Orford (Tasmania) – Chloride, Chloroketones, Haloacenitriles, Chloropicrin

Orford (Tasmania) – Chloride August 26 2015 Orford (Tasmania)  Total Chlorides as NaCl 253mg/L “Chloride is present in natural waters from the dissolution of salt deposits, and contamination from effluent disposal. Sodium chloride is widely used in the production of industrial chemicals such as caustic soda, chlorine, and sodium chlorite and hypochlorite. Potassium chloride is used in the production of fertilisers. The taste threshold of chloride in water is dependent on the associated cation but is in the range 200–300 mg/L. The chloride content of water can affect corrosion of pipes and fittings. It can also affect the solubility of metal ions. In surface water, the concentration of chloride is usually less than 100 mg/L and frequently below 10 mg/L. Groundwater can have higher concentrations, particularly if there is salt water intrusion. Based on aesthetic considerations, the chloride concentration in drinking water should not exceed 250 mg/L. No health-based guideline value is proposed for chloride.” 2011 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines Orford  (Tasmania) – Chloroketones  29/7/24: Orford (Tasmania): 1,1,1-trichloropropanone 5.8ug/L Data are inadequate to set guideline values for chloroketones in drinking water. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The chloroketones are produced in drinking water as by-products of the reaction between naturally occurring organic matter and chlorine. No data are available on other sources or uses for these compounds. Concentrations of chloroketones in drinking water reported overseas are very low and are estimated at less than 0.01 mg/L. TYPICAL VALUES IN AUSTRALIAN DRINKING WATER In major Australian reticulated supplies 1,1,1-trichloropropanone has been recorded in concentrations up to 0.02 mg/L, but it is usually below the limit of determination of 0.0005 mg/L. No data are available for other chloroketones. LIMITING FORMATION IN DRINKING WATER The presence of chloroketones in drinking water can be minimised by removing naturally occurring organic matter from the source water, by reducing the amount of chlorine added, or by the use of alternative disinfectants.” 2011 ADWG Orford (Tasmania) – Haloacetonitriles  29/7/24: Orford (Tasmania)  Bromochloroacetonitrile 2.6ug/L, Dibromoacetonitrile 1.4ug/L, Dichloroacetonitrile 4.1ug/L “GUIDELINE Data are inadequate to set guideline values for haloacetonitriles in drinking water GENERAL DESCRIPTION Haloacetonitriles are formed from organic precursors during chlorination or chloramination of drinking  water. Concentrations of dihaloacetonitriles reported overseas range up to 0.04 mg/L but are typically  less than 0.003 mg/L. Concentrations of trichloroacetonitrile are less than 0.001 mg/L. Trichloroacetonitrile has been used as an insecticide. No data are available on uses for the other haloacetonitriles. TYPICAL VALUES IN AUSTRALIAN DRINKING WATER No data are available on concentrations of haloacetonitriles in Australian drinking waters”. ADWG 2011 29/7/24 Orford (Tasmania) Chloropicrin 29/7/24: Orford (Tasmania) Chloropicrin 1.3ug/L (max) No Guideline level for Chloropicrin Chloropicrin is formed in water by the reaction of chlorine with humic acids, amino acids, and nitrophenols. The presence of nitrates increases the amount formed (6). Chloropicrin has been detected in drinking-water; however, in the presence of reducing agents, it is converted into chloroform