Australian Drinking Water Map

Lakeland (Queensland) – Hardness

2010/12: Lakeland (Queensland) – Hardness 260mg/kg CO3/L (high) av. 236.4mg/kg CO3/L

2017/18: Lakeland (Queensland) Hardness 270mg/L (max), 178.5mg/L (av.) Treated Final Water

2018?: Lakeland (Queensland) Hardness 300mg/L (max), 263.8mg/L (av.) Chlorinated treated water

2019/20: Lakeland (Queensland) Hardness 210mg/L (max), 155.3mg/L (av.) Reticulation

GUIDELINE

“To minimise undesirable build‑up of scale in hot water systems, total hardness (as calcium
carbonate) in drinking water should not exceed 200 mg/L.

Hard water requires more soap than soft water to obtain a lather. It can also cause scale to form on hot water pipes and fittings. Hardness is caused primarily by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, although other cations such as strontium, iron, manganese and barium can also contribute.” Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

2010/12 + 2017/20 – Lakeland (Queensland) – Hardness

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Lakeland (Queensland) – Selenium 2017-2018: Lakeland, Qld Selenium 0.005mg/L (max), 0.0005mg/L (average) Based on health considerations, the concentration of selenium in drinking water should not exceed 0.004 mg/L (2011-2025 guideline 0.01mg/L). “General description Selenium (Se) and selenium salts are widespread in the environment. Selenium is released from natural and human-made sources (such as the burning of coal). Selenium is also a by-product of the processing of sulfide ores, chiefly in the copper refining industry. The major use of selenium is in the manufacture of electronic components. It is used in several other industries, and selenium compounds are used in some insecticides, in hair shampoos as an antidandruff agent, and as a nutritional feed additive for poultry and livestock. Selenium copper alloys have also been identified as a potential replacement for lead copper alloys in plumbing products. Further information on lead replacements in plumbing products (such as selenium copper alloys) is available in Information Sheet 4.1 – Metal and metalloid chemicals leaching from plumbing products. Selenium concentrations in drinking water source waters are generally very low and depend on local geochemistry, climatic conditions (e.g. drought), pH and the presence of iron salts. Selenium in water is mainly present as inorganic compounds, predominantly selenate. Weathering of rocks and soil may result in low levels of selenium in water, which may be taken up by plants (SLR 2022). Food is the major source of intake for Australians. Cereal and grain products contribute most to intake, while fish and liver contain the highest selenium concentrations.” ADWG 2025 Lakeland (Queensland) – Hardness 2010/12: Lakeland (Queensland) – Hardness 260mg/kg CO3/L (high) av. 236.4mg/kg CO3/L 2017/18: Lakeland (Queensland) Hardness 270mg/L (max), 178.5mg/L (av.) Treated Final Water 2018?: Lakeland (Queensland) Hardness 300mg/L (max), 263.8mg/L (av.) Chlorinated treated water 2019/20: Lakeland (Queensland) Hardness 210mg/L (max), 155.3mg/L (av.) Reticulation GUIDELINE “To minimise undesirable build‑up of scale in hot water systems, total hardness (as calcium carbonate) in drinking water should not exceed 200 mg/L. Hard water requires more soap than soft water to obtain a lather. It can also cause scale to form on hot water pipes and fittings. Hardness is caused primarily by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, although other cations such as strontium, iron, manganese and barium can also contribute.” Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011